Maiti-Human+Trafficking+Research

=__// Reports on Human Trafficking //__=

T.I.P - Trafficking in Persons Human Trafficking Facts <- UN.GIFT

**__ Report Links __**
2012 Report http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/publications.html?vf=/doc/knowledgehub/resource-centre/UNODC/Trafficking_in_Persons_2012.pdf

2009 Report http://www.ungift.org/knowledgehub/en/publications.html?vf=/doc/knowledgehub/resource-centre/GIFT_Global_Report_Executive_summary_Sp.pdf&tid=1647 UNODC report []

FBI Program []

UNODC- Trafficking in Europe []

UN.GIFT <--**Many publications here** []

Trafficking&Global Crime Control []

UNESCO Report on South Africa http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001528/152823e.pdf

human trafficking.org-southeast asia []

Asia Foundation-Vietnam []

UN News Centre-Children Human Trafficking [|http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43750#.UVOcjFuH7cY]

=**__Report Summaries__**=

UNODC Global Report of Trafficking in Persons 2012:
-134 countries have criminalized trafficking by the Trafficking in Persons Protocol(2003) -a part of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2010) -purpose is to inform about human trafficking patterns and flows -based on samples of official TIP cases globally -International Labour Organization (ILO) -> 20.9 mill people are forced into labour globally --> # of victims of forced labour **because of trafficking** is unknown -women make up 55-60% of trafficking victims(2009 report)-> that % going down as trafficking of children seems to be increasing (27% of victims are children 2010 -> 20% victims children in 2006) -2/3s of convicted traffickers are men -> 30% convicted are women (more frequent in the trafficking of girls, have low ranking positions, easier to get caught) - in Africa, middle east, south/east asia they have found more cases of forced labour than other forms of exploitation -worldwide TIP for sexual exploitation is more common than forced labour (can be biased as European countries detect more victims than any other region) - trafficking of organs was 0.2% of all detected cases (2010) - trafficking for begging, forced marriages, illegal adoption, participation in armed combat, and commission of crime (made up 6% of detected cases) are not specifically mentioned in Trafficking of Persons Protocol -1/2 victims being trafficked to a country in the same region, 1/4 to a different region, 27% are trafficked domestically -many countries reported increases than decreases in convictions in TIP cases between 2007-2012 -challenges- research, development, and monitoring and evaluation

Global Report on TIP (2009)
report gathered data from 155 territories and countries
 * in 2003 only 35% of countries had a specific offense on trafficking in their legislation
 * in 2009 80% of countries had a specific offense on trafficking in their legislation
 * The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons came into effect in December 2003
 * as of 2008 63% of countries (who participated in this report) have passed laws addressing the major issues of TIP
 * 54% of responding countries have established a special anti-human trafficking police unit
 * 46 countries say women play a key role in human trafficking
 * in low-income countries-trafficking is mostly local
 * in high-income countries-offenders are more likely to be foreign
 * 16 countries said 66% of trafficked people were women, 13% girls, 12% men, and 9% boys

UNESCO-South Africa Trafficking Report (2007)
Human Trafficking in South Africa: Root Causes and Recommendations

-especially focuses on trafficking of women and girls -trafficking happens because of poverty (bad education and no employment opportunities) -South Africa has poverty, also direct flights and shipping to Europe, making it ideal for trafficking -UNICEF estimated the 1,200,000 children were trafficked globally in 2000 -in S.A. estimated 47,000 children working in exploitative labour -30,000 child prostitutes (they are venerable much more likely to be trapped into trafficking) -gender discrimination still prominent in SA -anti-trafficking laws are being developed -many organized crime groups

UNODC- TIP to Europe for sexual exploitation


-greatest variety of nationalities found in victims trafficked to West/Central Europe -84% trafficked to West/Central Europe for sexual exploitation -in 2006 the **entire** Western Hemisphere recorded only 150 convictions of human trafficking --> same number as Germany -most victim trafficked to West/Central Europe from former Soviet Union -victims from South America mostly trafficked to Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland --> almost all for sexual exploitation (higher rates of Brazilians detected) -in Africa trafficking is mostly West African (mainly Nigerian women and girls) --> in North Africa trafficking is lower but may be increasing --> trafficking from East Africa goes mainly to the UK -trafficking from East Asia is mostly Thai, Viet Nam, Chinese, and Cambodian women --> mainly trafficked for indoor prostitution -traffickers mostly promise employment (70% of traffickers use this method in Ukraine) -from the Balkans, the former Soviet Union and Central Europe the majority of victims are recruited by people they know (in Ukraine 11% are trafficked with cooperations from their husbands) -in Ukraine 20% of victims they will have to render sexual services but they don’t know the conditions under what they will have to work -violence is often used to control victims -the minimum number of victims trafficked in Europe and North America is 279,000 in 2005 -about 1/7 of sex workers are trafficked -the trafficked victims in europe will produce 50 million from sexual services annually -the number of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation detected by authorities in Europe increased 20% between 2005 and 2006 -about 60% of victims originate from Balkans, Central Europe, and former soviet union

=//__ Outline: __//=

Categories:
-looked at progress on trafficking laws from 2009 to 2012 -found country specific statistics about trafficking victims and trafficking -looked at trafficking court cases in specific countries
 * 1. 2012 TIP Info **


 * 2. 2009 TIP Info **

-first report gathered on global TIP info, gathered info from 155 countries, mandated by GA -looked at legislations in countries and described trafficking -done by the UNODC


 * 3. Contrasting Country Specific TIP Info (Europe & South Africa) **

-types of trafficking -convictions in court -motivation and causes of trafficking

South Africa; - the major causes of trafficking - the biggest types of trafficking and why in SA -what types of laws are being developed Europe; -where and why they are trafficked -looked at number of victims and other stats from 2005 to 2006 -how people are trafficked, methods used by traffickers